Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party

Soldiers in trenches in southern Iraq during devastating wars.

Through the structure of the Ba’ath, Saddam Hussein rose to the presidency in 1979. The country existed under autocratic leadership until 2003 when Hussein was deposed. Between 1979 and 2003, Iraq underwent multiple wars—the Iraq-Iran war 1980-1988 and the Gulf war in 1991 followed by a decade of economic sanctions and isolation.